Ground points (classified LAS)
A LiDAR point cloud where non-ground objects are filtered out so you get clean “bare earth” terrain points for modeling and design.

Breaklines (natural & manmade)
3D lines that “force” the surface model to follow sharp changes like ditch bottoms, pavement edges, berms, and bank lines for higher accuracy.

Top of bank
The upper edge of a slope or channel bank—critical for defining drainage shape, limits of grading, and earthwork boundaries.

Bottom of bank
The lowest point at the base of a slope or channel—used to accurately model channels, embankments, and tie-ins.

Flowline of ditches
The lowest path where water naturally concentrates in a ditch, used for drainage design and hydraulic modeling.

Edge of pavement
The boundary of paved surfaces, useful for roadway geometry, quantities, and tying design surfaces to existing conditions.

Top of curb / back of curb
The top edge of curb (and/or back edge) that defines roadway containment and is commonly required for civil design plans.

Bottom of curb
The curb toe where water flows and where pavement meets curb—useful for drainage grades and ADA/curb ramp context.

Spot elevations
Discrete elevation points placed across the site to quickly communicate grades and verify surface accuracy.

Contours (1-ft minor, 5-ft major)
Standard contour lines derived from the surface model, showing terrain shape and slope in a format engineers and planners recognize.

Roadway edges
Mapped edges of travel lanes and pavement boundaries to define roadway geometry and tie-in locations.

Centerlines (visible)
A traced centerline based on visible markings or roadway geometry, helpful for alignment reference and planning.

Pavement striping / markings
Lane lines, stall lines, and painted markings captured for as-built documentation and site circulation planning.

Stop bars
Painted stop lines captured as linework for traffic control plans and as-built exhibits.

Arrows / symbols
Directional arrows and pavement symbols captured to document traffic flow and existing site controls.

Fire lanes
Painted or posted fire lane markings captured for life-safety planning and site compliance documentation.

Driveways (asphalt, concrete, gravel)
Driveway extents and surface transitions captured to support access design, grading, and materials planning.

Parking lots (pavement edges + striping)
Parking footprint and stall striping captured to document capacity, circulation, and ADA planning.

Building footprints / outlines
Building perimeter linework captured from aerial data to support site plans, exhibits, and coordination.

Roof edges
Roof perimeter mapped to help with overhang interpretation, roof-drain planning, and structure context.

Overhangs / awnings
Visible overhang features mapped for clearance awareness and accurate building representation.

Porches
Porch extents mapped where visible to support facility planning and site layout accuracy.

Decks
Deck outlines captured where visible for as-built documentation and site feature completeness.

Retaining walls
Retaining wall locations captured to support grading tie-ins, slope control understanding, and civil coordination.

Top of wall
The upper edge elevation/linework of retaining walls, used to model grade transitions correctly.

Bottom of wall
The base edge elevation/linework of retaining walls, helping define the full grade break across the wall.

Bridges (deck outline, guardrails, edges)
Visible bridge geometry captured for planning, drainage context, and transportation coordination.

Culverts (visible ends only)
Culvert end locations captured where visible to support drainage mapping and outfall identification.

Water body outlines
Shorelines and water boundaries captured to show extents at the time of flight.

Ponds
Pond boundaries mapped for site drainage context, storage planning, and environmental coordination.

Lakes
Lake shorelines mapped as visible on imagery to support exhibits and hydrology context.

Rivers / streams
Channel boundaries mapped for environmental planning, flood coordination, and design reference.

Flowlines
Centerline flow paths captured to represent water movement through channels and low areas.

Top/bottom of creek banks
Bank edges captured to define channel geometry and support hydraulic or erosion planning.

Wetland extents (if visible from imagery)
Approximate wetland boundaries mapped only where visibly identifiable—useful for early planning, not a regulatory delineation.

Floodplain features (visible)
Visible indicators like scour, debris lines, and channel migration mapped where identifiable for planning context.

Trees
Individual trees mapped where distinguishable to support site planning, clearing limits, and landscaping coordination.

Canopy outline
Tree canopy boundaries mapped to show coverage extents and support shade/clearance planning.

Tree lines / brush lines
Continuous vegetation edges mapped to define natural boundaries and clearing limits.

Vegetation masses (for site planning)
Grouped vegetation areas mapped as polygons for planners who need land cover representation without individual tree detail.

Overhead utilities
Utility features above ground captured to help teams understand visible conflicts and site constraints.

Power poles
Pole locations mapped for utility coordination, clearance planning, and corridor documentation.

Guy wires (visible anchor points)
Visible guy anchors mapped where identifiable to support safety planning and utility context.

Transformers
Pad-mount or pole-mounted transformers mapped where visible for utility coordination and site planning.

Overhead electric lines
Visible overhead conductors mapped where feasible to support corridor planning and risk awareness.

Overhead communications lines
Visible overhead comm lines mapped where feasible for planning and site documentation.

Surface apparati (visible housings)
Above-ground utility housings mapped (only what can be seen) for coordination and exhibits.

Utility boxes
Utility box locations mapped where visible for planning, access, and conflict awareness.

Utility pads
Concrete equipment pads mapped to represent installed utility infrastructure footprints.

Pedestals
Utility pedestals mapped where visible for telecom/electrical planning context.

Vault lids
Vault lids mapped where visible for access planning and utility coordination.

Manhole lids (sewer, water, telecom)
Manhole lid locations mapped where visible to aid utility context and future field verification.

Valve covers
Valve cover locations mapped where visible to support water utility coordination and planning.

Hydrants
Hydrant locations mapped where visible for site safety planning and civil coordination.

Curb and gutter
Curb/gutter extents mapped to support roadway tie-ins, drainage planning, and as-built exhibits.

Sidewalks
Sidewalk footprints mapped to support ADA planning, circulation design, and site documentation.

Crosswalks
Marked crosswalk locations captured for traffic planning and pedestrian circulation exhibits.

ADA ramps (visible outline)
Visible ramp outlines captured to support planning and documentation (field verification may still be required).

Guardrails
Guardrail extents captured to support transportation coordination and safety documentation.

Traffic signs
Sign locations mapped where visible for planning, signage exhibits, and circulation understanding.

Signals (mast, pole locations)
Traffic signal poles/masts mapped where visible for transportation coordination and planning.

Railroad tracks
Track centerlines and extents captured to support corridor planning and site constraints.

Railroad equipment (gates, signals)
Visible crossing equipment mapped for planning, permitting coordination, and safety context.

Fences (barbed wire, chain link, wood)
Fence lines mapped where visible to represent barriers, property indicators, and site security features.

Fence corners
Fence corner points captured to help define fence geometry and changes in direction.

Gates
Gate locations captured to support access planning and site logistics.

Concrete pads
Concrete pad extents mapped to document built infrastructure and staging areas.

Large rocks / outcroppings
Major rock features mapped to support grading planning and construction awareness.

Playgrounds
Playground footprints mapped for site planning and facility documentation.

Site signage
Major signage locations mapped for wayfinding, exhibits, and site documentation.

Benches / site furniture
Visible site furniture mapped when needed for planning or facility exhibits.

Retention ponds, detention basins
Stormwater storage features mapped for drainage planning and site coordination.

Berm edges
Berm crest/toe edges mapped to define earthwork features and drainage control shapes.

Riprap limits
Riprap extents mapped where visible to document erosion control areas and channel protection.

Drainage inlets (grates, curb inlets)
Inlet locations captured where visible to support drainage mapping and storm system planning.

Headwalls / wingwalls
Concrete drainage structures mapped to document culvert endpoints and channel transitions.

Outfalls
Discharge points mapped where visible to show where drainage exits a system or discharges to a channel.

Visible culvert pipes
Culvert pipe locations captured where visible to support stormwater mapping and field coordination.

Ditch centerlines
Centerlines mapped to represent ditch paths and support drainage analysis.

Channel edges
Channel boundary lines mapped to define waterway shape and support hydraulic context.

Swales
Swale alignments mapped to document shallow drainage features used for stormwater conveyance.

Fence lines
Fence lines can be mapped as visible indicators that may suggest use boundaries—but they are not legal boundaries.

Tree lines
Tree lines can indicate historical clearing limits or use boundaries and are useful for planning exhibits.

ROW markers (if physically visible on imagery)
Right-of-way monuments or markers are captured only if they are clearly visible from the air.

Painted markings on pavement
Paint or layout markings can be captured to document existing construction layouts or utility marking locations at time of flight.

Building setback markers (painted/posted)
Visible posted or painted setback indicators can be mapped where identifiable for planning context.

Stockpile boundaries
Stockpile toe/limits mapped to support volume calculations and inventory tracking.

Stockpile summit points
High points captured for each pile to improve reporting consistency and help identify pile change over time.

Equipment locations (optional)
Equipment can be mapped as point features for operational documentation (snapshot-in-time only).

Conveyor outlines
Conveyor footprints captured where visible to support site planning and industrial documentation.

Quarry benches / highwalls
Bench edges and highwall limits mapped for safety planning, excavation tracking, and operational context.

Material bays
Stock bay extents mapped to document storage areas and support operations planning.

Dirt/aggregate haul roads
Haul road alignments and edges mapped to support operations planning and site logistics.

Under-tree terrain
LiDAR can penetrate vegetation to model ground surface beneath tree canopy—ideal for wooded sites and drainage work.

Powerline elevations (wire sag mapping)
LiDAR can capture conductor elevations to help evaluate sag, clearances, and corridor constraints (where feasible).

Vertical clearance measurement
LiDAR-based measurements can be used to assess clearances under lines, bridges, and overhead structures.

Tree height
Tree heights derived from LiDAR help with vegetation management, planning, and clearance assessments.

Structure height
Structure heights derived from LiDAR help quantify vertical dimensions for planning and engineering coordination.

Bridge clearance
LiDAR can help measure vertical clearance beneath bridges and overhead crossings for transportation or access planning.